Warm up, Cool down, Stretch

Does anyone know of any recent articles or information regarding warm up, cool down, and stretching. My dissertation is an investigation into attitudes towards the three of these and I would be interested in any comments.

Nic
There is a very interesting article by R P Pope - "A randomised trial to determine whether pre-exercise stretching prevents injury" Proceedings of the 1996 National Physiotherapy Congress p193 ........ it seems that pre-exercise stretching doesn't reduce the risk of injury - it is more closely related to aerobic fitness ........ interesting!

There was a useful articcle that investigated the use of warm up etc inalpine skiing. I think it was someones masters project and may have been published in the Australian Journal of Physiotherapy in about 1996. Check out there archives or the listing in PEDro in the PhysioLibrary

Author:
Whelan KM, Gass EM, Moran CC

Title:
Warm-up: Efficacy of a program designed for downhill skiing

Source:
Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 1999; 45: 279-288

Method:
clinical trial

Method Score:
5/10 [Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind assessors: No; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes; Eligibility criteria: Yes] *This score has been confirmed*

Abstract:
A warm-up program designed for downhill skiers and conducted in alpine conditions was tested for its effectiveness in ‘warming up’ the body prior to participation in 90 minutes of downhill skiing. Eight subjects were randomly allocated and participated in both warm up and control conditions. Measurements were taken of rectal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate and flexibility prior to warm-up, immediately post-warm-up/immediately pre-skiing, and at 15min intervals during 90 minutes of skiing. The main analyses used were planned contrasts on repeated measures analysis of variance. Participation in the warm-up program resulted in significant increases in: rectal temperature (F(1,6)=8.196; p=0.008); heart rate (F(1,7)=32.97, p<0.001); and flexibility (F(1,6)=10.14, p=0.003) when compared with the control condition. These findings demonstrate that the program was effective in warming up the body. You will be pleased to know that we have now obtained copyright approval from journal publishers to use the author abstracts for 48% of the records on PEDro.

Nic, There is a paper due to come out looking at warm-up and golfers. Email Caroline Finch ([email protected]) for more details. I think the first author is Andrea Fradkin at Deakin University in Melbourne

Please find enclosed some references regarding the above subject.

Bandy, W.D., Irion, J.M., and Briggler, M. (1997) The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy, 77(10), 1090-1096.

Bandy, W.D., Irion, J.M., and Briggler, M. (1998) The effect of static stretch and dynamic range of motion training on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 27 (4), 295-300.

Brandon, R. (1998) What science has to say about the performance benefits of flexibility training. Peak Performance, 108, 6-9.

Brodowicz, G.R., Welsh, R., and Wallis, M.S. (1996) Comparison of stretching with ice, stretching with heat, or stretching alone on hamstring flexibility. Journal of Athletic Training, 31(4), 324-327.

Gleim, G.W., and McHugh, M.P. (1997) Flexibility and its effects on sports injury and performance. Sports Medicine, 24(5), 289-299.

Kamper-Wevers, L., and O’Farrell, J. (1999) Gymnastic injuries. The way forward for elite gymnasts. Physiotherapy in Sport, 22(1), 4-10.

Magnusson, S.P., Simonsen, E.B., Aagaard, P., Boesen, J., Johannsen, F., Kjaer, M. (1997) Determinants of musculoskeletal flexiblity: Viscoelastic properties, cross sectional area, EMG and stretch tolerance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport, 7, 195-202.

McNair, P.J., and Stanley, S.N. (1996) Effect of passive stretching and jogging on the series elastic muscle stiffness and range of motion of the ankle joint. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 30, 313-318.

Stewart, I.B., and Sleivert, G.G. (1998) The effect of warm-up and intensity on range of motion and anaerobic performance. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 27(2), 154-161.

Zito, M., Driver, D., Parker, C., and Bohannon, R. (1997) Lasting effects of one bout of two fifteen second passive stretches on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 26(4), 214-221.

I hope this is the sort of thing you are looking for.

Hi Nic, I'm doing my dissertation on DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness)... the pain you feel a few days after doing exercise... so much of our lit search is bound to be linked. I'll get the ref's of the articles which may be of more relevance for you... and it would be superb if you could suggest any you've come across, thanks :)
My dissertation's looking at whether a warm-down; a passive, or more of an active one, is actually better in reducing DOMS... AND I intend to use the BIODEX machine, working the biceps eccentrically to induce it. THEN ask the subjects to fill out a questionnaire to explore the severity of the DOMS.
What do you think? Any tips??
If I could be of any help to you, I'd love to help :)
From Liz (3rd yr PT Student)

I Shrier has recently reviewed pre-exercise stretching, including basic science studies and clinical trials. Also on Proquest, Stretching ;Do we have enough evidence by duane Knudson and

There is an evidence based review in the injury prevention section of www.physioroom.com

u can have better understanding and consultation by referance manual of college of american sports medicine

hey guys, I hope the dissertations went (or are going) well! I am interested to know what your findings are regarding DOMS and stretching for warm up and cooling down. I am in the middle of making up a programme for this purpose but keen to know what the recent evidence is.
thanks
Laura

never mind, just notice this post is a few years old!!