Muscle associated in basic limb pattern movement of the upper extremity in the PNF te

Muscle associated in basic limb pattern movement of the upper extremity in the PNF technique

First pattern (D1 flexion):
Shoulder flexion, adduction, and external rotation, forearm supination, radial deviation, wrist flexion and adduction, finger flexion and adduction, thumb to little finger opposition.

Shoulder flexion:
1. Anterior fibers of deltoid.
2. Clavicular part of pectoralis major.
3. Long head of biceps brachii.
4. Short head of biceps brachii.
5. Coracobrachialis.

Shoulder adduction:
1. Sternal part of pectoral is major.
2. Latissimus dorsi.
3. Teres major
4. Teres minor.

External rotation:
1. Infraspinatus.
2. Teres minor.
3. Posterior fibers of deltoid.

Forearm supination:
1. Supinator muscle.
2. Long and short head of biceps brachii.

Radial deviation:
1. Extensor carpi radialis longus.
2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
3. Abductor pollicis longus.
4. Extensor pollicis brevis.

Wrist flexion:
1. Flexor carpi radialis.
2. Humeral and ulner heads of flexor carpi ulnaris.
3. Palmaris longus.
4. Flexor digitorum superficialis (humeroulnar head, radial head).
5. Flexor digitorum profundus.
6. Flexor pollicis longus.

Wrist adduction:
1. Humeral and ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris.
2. Extensor carpi ulnaris.

Finger flexion:
1. Lumbrical (from 1st to 4th).
2. Dorsal interossei (four bipennate muscles).
3. Palmar interossei.
4. The two heads of flexor digitorum superficialis.
5. Flexor digitorum profundus.
6. Flexor digiti minimi.
7. Opponens digiti minimi.

Finger adduction:
1. Palmar interossei.
2. Extensor indicis.

Thumb to little finger opposition:
1. Opponens pollicis.
2. Opponens digiti minimi.
3. Abductor pollicis brevis.
4. Flexor pollicis brevis.

Second pattern (D1 extension):
Shoulder extension, abduction, internal rotation, forearm pronation, ulner deviation, wrist extension and abduction, fingers extension and abduction, thumb extension and abduction.

Shoulder extension:
1. Posterior fibers of deltoid,
. Latissimus dorsi, teres major.2

Shoulder abduction:
1. Middle fibers of deltoid.
2. Supraspinatus.

Internal rotation:
1. Subscapularis.
2. latissimus dorsi.
3. Teres major.
4. Anterior fibers of deltoid.

Forearm pronation:
1. Humeral and ulner head of pronator teres.
2. Pronator quadrates.
3. Flexor carpi radialis.

Ulner deviation:
1. Flexor carpi ulnaris.
2. Extensor carpi ulnaris.

Wrist extension:
1. Extensor carpi radialis longus.
2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
3. Extensor carpi ulnaris.
4. Extensor digitorum.
5. Extensor indicis.
6. Extensor digiti minimi.
7. Extensor pollicis longus.

Wrist abduction:
1. Flexor carpi radialis.
2. Extensor carpi radialis longus.
3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
4. Abductor pollicis longus.
5. Extensor pollicis longus.
6. Extensor pollicis brevis.

Finger extension:
1. Extensor digitorum.
2. Extensor indicis.
3. Extensor digiti minimi.

Finger abduction:
1. Dorsal interossei (four bipennate muscle).
2. Abductor digiti minimi.
3. Extensor digitorum.
4. Extensor digiti minimi.

Thumb extension:
1. Extensor pollicis brevis.
2. Extensor pollicis longus.

Thumb abduction:
1. Abductor pollicis longus.
2. Abductor pollicis brevis.
3. Palmaris longus.
4. Extensor pollicis brevis.
5. Opponens pollicis.

Third pattern (D2 flexion):
Shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation, forearm supination, radial deviation, wrist extension and abduction, fingers extension and abduction, thumb extension and abduction.

Shoulder flexion:
1. Anterior fibers of deltoid.
2. Clavicular part of pectoralis major.
3. Long head of biceps brachii.
4. Short head of biceps brachii.
5. Coracobrachialis.

Shoulder abduction:
1. Middle fibers of deltoid.
2. Supraspinatus.

External rotation:
1. Infraspinatus.
2. Teres minor.
3. Posterior fibers of deltoid.

Forearm supination:
1. Supinator muscle.
2. Long and short head of biceps brachii.

Radial deviation:
1. Extensor carpi radialis longus.
2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
3. Abductor pollicis longus.
4. Extensor pollicis brevis.

Wrist extension:
1. Extensor carpi radialis longus.
2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
3. Extensor carpi ulnaris.
4. Extensor digitorum.
5. Extensor indicis.
6. Extensor digiti minimi.
7. Extensor pollicis longus.

Wrist abduction:
1. Flexor carpi radialis.
2. Extensor carpi radialis longus.
3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
4. Abductor pollicis longus.
5. Extensor pollicis longus.
6. Extensor pollicis brevis.

Finger extension:
1. Extensor digitorum.
2. Extensor indicis.
3. Extensor digiti minimi.

Finger abduction:
1. Dorsal interossei (four bipennate muscle).
2. Abductor digiti minimi.
3. Extensor digitorum.
4. Extensor digiti minimi.

Thumb extension:
1. Extensor pollicis brevis.
2. Extensor pollicis longus.

Thumb abduction:
1. Abductor pollicis longus.
2. Abductor pollicis brevis.
3. Palmaris longus.
4. Extensor pollicis brevis.
5. Opponens pollicis.

Fourth pattern (D2 extension):
Shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation, forearm pronation, ulnar deviation, wrist flexion and adduction, fingers flexion and adduction, thumb to little finger opposition.

Shoulder extension:
1. Posterior fibers of deltoid,
. Latissimus dorsi, teres major.2

Shoulder adduction:
1. Sternal part of pectoral is major.
2. Latissimus dorsi.
3. Teres major
4. Teres minor.

Internal rotation:
1. Subscapularis.
2. latissimus dorsi.
3. Teres major.
4. Anterior fibers of deltoid.

Forearm pronation:
1. Humeral and ulner head of pronator teres.
2. Pronator quadrates.
3. Flexor carpi radialis.

Ulner deviation:
1. Flexor carpi ulnaris.
2. Extensor carpi ulnaris.

Wrist flexion:
1. Flexor carpi radialis.
2. Humeral and ulner heads of flexor carpi ulnaris.
3. Palmaris longus.
4. Flexor digitorum superficialis (humeroulnar head, radial head).
5. Flexor digitorum profundus.
6. Flexor pollicis longus.

Wrist adduction:
1. Humeral and ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris.
2. Extensor carpi ulnaris.

Finger flexion:
1. Lumbrical (from 1st to 4th).
2. Dorsal interossei (four bipennate muscles).
3. Palmar interossei.
4. The two heads of flexor digitorum superficialis.
5. Flexor digitorum profundus.
6. Flexor digiti minimi.
7. Opponens digiti minimi.

Finger adduction:
1. Palmar interossei.
2. Extensor indicis.

Thumb to little finger opposition:
1. Opponens pollicis.
2. Opponens digiti minimi.
3. Abductor pollicis brevis.
4. Flexor pollicis brevis.