You seem to have arbitrarily chosen to focus on withdrawal alone despite the fact that this thread was explicitly begun as a discussion of resolution. Your inability to see all three stages of instinctive behavior confounds me. Of course if we stop at withdrawal we'll appear deformed-the question is; What should be done next? How can the therapist know what the next unique, instinctive and personal movement should be? Should it be the one that *appears* right? Is the path out of trouble always a straight line full of effort?

Depending upon Wall's opinion is not something that I feel requires any sort of defense. Can you name anyone more highly regarded? On page 18 of Ramachandran's latest book he expresses skepticism at the very study you previously cited regarding recovery with mirror techniques-then he sees Wall is one of the authors and immediately accepts it. (see "A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness")

Is anyone else out there?