Hi Ed C and SigMik...

1. CM protocol - i think Ginger likes to refer to a post he put on RehabEdge...PM him if you have to...it is something he does,not something that i have learned.

2. Normal - what is normal? hehehe
Well, ideally there should be axis of motion. The easiest is the shoulder - it should spin in the glenoid fossa. Tighten the posterior capsule and it causes excessive translation - what is excessive translation? What is the ideal starting pos? etc etc - this is subjective and based on informed opinion. Ideally though, when you load the GH joint, it accepts the load and doesn't shear thru the joint. In the end, physiotherapy will never be fully scientific because it is an art.

I actually have a Pilates Instructor who is more talented than I at seeing dysfunction. She can't describe it properly scientifically or what she is seeing because she tends to feel what is wrong (she sees it thru her eyes but it transmutes into a feeling in her body that makes her feel "icky"!!) - it sounds all new-agey etc but it is simply how it works for her. I act as a "translator" and listen to what she says and her descriptions and then combine that with what i see and fix the patient...quite often she is right and i have missed something or it is so subtle that it is not easily seen (but she feels it).

A good book to read is "Blink" by Malcolm Gladwell - some people just have good neuronal connections for certain things. LV (my pilates instructor) is good at seeing dysfunction.

I also have a massage therapist (JW) who can feel tension wrapping through the body - things that i don't feel nearly as clearly but when she tells me these things and i examine the patient, sure enough the areas she feels are tensioning are dysfunctional in the way she describes.

All that was just to reinforce what evidence-based practice is...as defined by Sackett himself...paraphrasing here [sorry] Patient experiences, clinical experience and scientific studies all are important in practicing EBP

3. With your finger and shoulder muscle example, careful assessment will show that the finger is more the problem. Also, lets say we know the shoulder is secondary to the finger - do you then leave the shoulder to be dysfunctional? At what point does the secondarily affected shoulder become a problem - does it have to hurt first?

4. Lastly, bias is in everything so just go by how the patient feels. No matter how much i believe the pt's leg is NOT broken, a broken leg will be a broken leg and hopping will not be possible. Proper treatment will result in rapid progression relevant for the condition

Out of time - gotta go

Cheers and thanks for the good questions!