Hi Sonj,
Your irritated nerve root is sensitised by the nucleus pulposus - apparently the chemicals can exit via fissures in the disc. It is unlikely that the bulge itself is the cause of the irritated nerve root because it has been shown that asymptomatic people can have apparent bulges onto nerve roots without pain. Mechanical stimulation of the nerve root is also fairly benign but when it is sensitised, this is when problems occur.
As for resorption of the disc, it will need to be transligamentous to occur. Now a protrusion can be transligamentous just like a gloved finger can go thru cling wrap. Once past the PLL, an inflammatory process occurs which begins the process of resorption..
I am glad to hear you are doing well. You will now have first hand knowledge of why listening to your therapist will be something your patients will have to learn to do!!! As they say in the classics..."Physician heal thyself!".
As for the motor control thing...There is no reason why you can't research it now and use it to complement your treatment from the chiro. It sounds like your chiro is doing a good job and giving the right advice but you still have pain on sneezing 5 months down the track. This seems to indicate to me that you are unable to control the intraabdominal pressure generated during the sneeze. An intact "core" or "inner unit" or "local system" is required to help in this area. Developing your coordination and endurance in your "core" ill help dissipate the forces generated. At present when you sneeze, the force is being sent thru the weakest part of you abdominal cavity - the injured disc.
In my honest opinion, waiting to see if just the good chiro treatment alone will help this problem before trying the exercises seems to be like saying "I will learn to kick a football with my left leg after i have mastered scoring goals with my right". You can get away with just having chiro treatment but wouldn't your body appreciate the extra help that the exercises will give you?
Anyway, I think your chiro sounds like what a good physio should be doing for you. They have really started to embrace the whole rehab side of things and if we as physios don't stay on our toes, we will become obsolete.
Good luck and let us know what the doc says - please note he is an orthopaedic SURGEON so by definition he prefers to cut. If you are not a "cutting case", he may not be interested in you, especially if his waiting list is 3 months long!