there are several possibilities, one of which you mentioned, the bike adjustments. one thing you said piqued my interest, and that is the pain on the outside after a run. The distal ITB shifts behind the knew as you bend your knee, particularly witg running and this can get very sore. The only problem is your pain looks superior to this.
When the knee bends or straightens the last 10 degrees the lateral aspect of the kneecap can hang up on the femur lateral condyle, causing a pop. Try to put pressure across your kneecap when on a stationary bike and assessee if it goes away, or take elastic tape from your area of pain across the inside of your kneecap and around and see if that makes a difference. Cause and effect goes a long way. You could leave your right leg on a step and step down with your left or squat, and see if the sound is reproduced. My suspicion is patellafemoral and with the correct è exercises and short term use of brace, you should be able to make it much better. You do look as if you have genu valgus from the picture ( knock knee) which can contribute to this, but so can flat feet, weak hip external rotators, etc. There is no absolute cause in all cases. The best way to DX is to find what makes it do what it does then find what makes it stop. Therein lies the diagnosis and treatment. That is what we therapists are for... to figure that out