for jess

mitral regurgitation:

it causes gradual dilation of the left atrium with little increase in pressure and therefore relativly few symptoms

causes:
mitral vave prolapse
dilatation of the mitral valve ring
damage to valve cusps and chordae
damage to papillary muscle.
myocardial infarction

respiratory failure:
it is broadly defined as an inability of the respiratory system to maintain blood gas valves with in normal ranges.these are of two types:
type I(hypoxaemic respiratory failure)
a decreased pao2(hypoxalmia) with a normal or low paco2 due to inadequate gas exchange.causes induced pneumonia,emphysema,fibrosing.alveolitis,sever asthma and adult respiratory distress syndrome.

typeII(ventilatory failure)
a decreased pao2 with an increased paco2(hypercapnia) caused by hyperventilation. causes include neuromuscular disorders like muscular dystrophy etc. drug related respiratory drive depressions an increase to chest wall